US, Iran Sign Framework Peace Accord as Talks Begin on Nuclear Programme and Sanctions Relief
The United States and Iran have signed a memorandum of understanding aimed at ending months of conflict in the Middle East and paving the way for a broader peace agreement, with formal negotiations set to begin in Switzerland.
The agreement, which was signed by U.S. President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, establishes a framework for a 60-day negotiation process intended to address longstanding disputes over Iran's nuclear programme, regional security, and economic sanctions.
The signing follows months of heightened tensions that erupted after military operations involving the United States, Israel, and Iran triggered instability across the region, disrupted global energy markets, and affected international trade routes.
According to details released by both governments, the memorandum outlines a series of commitments designed to reduce tensions and create conditions for a lasting settlement.
A key component of the agreement is a proposed economic recovery package worth at least $300 billion, which would be developed with the support of the United States and regional partners to assist Iran's reconstruction and long-term economic development.
On the nuclear issue, Iran reaffirmed its commitment not to pursue or acquire nuclear weapons. Both sides also agreed to establish a mechanism, under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), to address the future of Iran's enriched uranium stockpile.
Pending a final agreement, Tehran will maintain its current nuclear activities while Washington has pledged not to introduce additional sanctions or expand its military presence in the region.
The memorandum also provides for an immediate cessation of military operations between the parties and their allies, including activities linked to regional conflicts. Both sides committed to respecting each other's sovereignty and refraining from the use or threat of force.
Negotiators are expected to work toward a comprehensive agreement within 60 days, although the timeline may be extended by mutual consent if additional discussions are required.
As part of confidence-building measures, the United States agreed to begin lifting restrictions imposed on Iranian ports and maritime activities, with plans to fully remove the measures within 30 days. Washington also indicated that military assets positioned near Iran would be withdrawn following the successful conclusion of a final agreement.
Iran, for its part, pledged to facilitate the safe movement of commercial vessels through the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world's most strategically important shipping routes. Maritime traffic is expected to resume gradually as security and demining operations are completed.
The framework agreement further outlines a roadmap for the eventual removal of U.S. sanctions on Iran. This includes restoring access to previously restricted financial assets and easing restrictions on Iranian oil exports, banking services, insurance, and international transportation.
Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who played a mediating role during the negotiations, welcomed the development and described the accord as a significant step toward regional stability. A formal ceremony is expected to take place in Switzerland, where technical discussions on implementing the agreement will begin.
Officials from both countries indicated that any final settlement reached during the negotiations would ultimately be presented to the United Nations Security Council for endorsement through a binding resolution.
The agreement is being viewed internationally as a potentially significant breakthrough in efforts to reduce tensions in the Middle East and reopen channels of diplomatic engagement between Washington and Tehran after years of strained relations.
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